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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 89 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-871007

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde indica que a prevalência do déficit de altura tem diminuído no planeta nas últimas décadas, pouco se sabe ainda sobre os fatores associados a este declínio ou sua associação com a desigualdade social. Objetivo: Descrever a evolução do déficit de altura e da desigualdade socioeconômica em diferentes regiões do mundo. Métodos: A pesquisa foi baseada em dados secundários provenientes do programa Demografic Health Surveys DHS de 6 sub-regiões do mundo representando 24 países em um total de 48 pesquisas na década de 90 e na primeira década do século 21 com 377.151 crianças menores de 5 anos. Foi considerada como variável de interesse o Déficit de altura para idade considerado como a ocorrência deste índice inferior a -2 escore Z da distribuição de referência WHO-2006. Foram imputados através de modelo de regressão os valores faltantes das variáveis água para beber, esgoto sanitário e escolaridade materna. Foi estimado o Índice de Concentração para as variáveis déficit de altura, educação materna deficiente, água para beber insegura, esgoto domiciliar deficiente e ocorrência de doenças, tendo como variável de ranqueamento o Índice de Riqueza. Dados do poder de paridade de compra fornecidos pelo Banco Mundial foram utilizados para verificar as diferenças na evolução da desnutrição


Introduction: The World Health Organization indicates that the prevalence of stunting has decreased in recent decades on the planet, little is known about the factors associated with this decline or its association with social inequality. Objective: Describe the evolution of the high deficit and inequality in different parts of the world. Methods: The study was based on secondary data from Program "demografic Health Statics - DHS" 6 sub-regions of the world representing 26 countries in a total of 52 surveys in the 90s and the first decade of the 21st century with 377,151 children under 5 years. Was considered as the variable of interest "deficit height age" considered as the occurrence of this index below -2 SCOREZ WHO-2006 reference distribution. Were imputed using regression model the missing values of variables to drink water, sanitary sewer and maternal education. It has been estimated the concentration index for the variables height deficit, poor maternal education, water to drink unsafe, poor household sewage and disease occurrence, with the ranking of the variable Wealth Index. Data parity purchasing power provided by the World Bank were used to verify the differences in the evolution of malnutrition


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Deficiency Diseases/economics , Socioeconomic Factors/economics , Demography , Human Development/classification , Socioeconomic Factors
2.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2000 Dec; 31(4): 762-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31899

ABSTRACT

In Thailand, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are endemic in 57 out of 75 provinces with an estimated 15 million people at risk of IDD. A three pronged control program with iodized salt, iodized water and iodized oil capsules is being implemented. The water iodization program is both school based and household based. In the household, the residents are given iodine solution, two drops of which is to be added to 10 l of drinking water. In the schools, in addition to this method, an iodinator is used. This releases a fixed amount of iodine into the drinking water. This study examines the cost of the water iodization program in Thailand for the year 1996 in terms of cost per beneficiary, cost per microg iodine consumed daily and cost per goiter person years averted. We used a discount rate of 5%. Field visit and interviews of health personnel from Ministry to village level were conducted to gather primary data. Review of existing papers and reports of the Department of Health, Government of Thailand was done for secondary data. The costs included the capital cost of equipments, initial training and the recurrent costs of potassium iodate, proportional salaries of personnel involved, monitoring and communication activities. The cost per beneficiary of school based iodinator method (US$ 0.72) and school based drop method (US$ 0.64) were similar and much higher than the household based approach (US$ 0.12). The cost per microg of iodine consumed daily was ten times higher in the school based approach (US$ 0.01) compared to the household approach (US$ 0.001). The cost per goiter case averted for the whole strategy of water iodization was US$ 194.50. Water iodization appears to be a low cost intervention. However, the need for behavioral modification raises the issue of long term sustainability.


Subject(s)
Child , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Deficiency Diseases/economics , Goiter/prevention & control , Humans , Iodides/administration & dosage , Iodine/deficiency , Thailand , Water Supply/economics
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 73(2): 101-5, mar.-abr. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-199590

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Testar o uso de um instrumento de mediçäo do nível socioeconômico, especialmente elaborado para populaçöes urbanas pobres, na identificaçäo de grupos mais vulneráveis à desnutriçäo infantil. Populaçäo e Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 477 crianças entre 12 e 59 meses, residentes em bolsäes de miséria da Vila Grande Cruzeiro, em Porto Alegre, RS. As crianças foram submetidas à avaliaçäo antropométrica e suas famílias foram estratificadas sob o ponto de vista socioeconômico segundo instrumento desenvolvido no Chile para populaçöes urbanas carentes e adaptado às características locais. Foram consideradas desnutridas as crianças com peso/idade, altura/idade e/ou peso/altura inferiores a-2 desvios padräo da mediana da populaçäo de referência (NCHS)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Deficiency Diseases/economics , Nutrition Surveys , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Poverty Areas , Brazil , Poverty , Socioeconomic Factors
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